The map of Canada in 1775 also shows the "Indian Territory." During the summer of 1763, native people, led by the Ottawa warrior Pontiac, raided interior trading posts in a desperate bid to hold back European expansion. The Indian Territory was therefore set aside by George Washington as "a temporary expedient to quiet the minds of the Indians." The American Revolution ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which established the border between Canada and the United States. It stretched from the Atlantic to Lake of the Woods, on what is now the Manitoba-Ontario border. Refugees from the United States poured into the country of Quebec: they needed tools, rations and livestock, which the British government was at a loss to provide. Ten thousand Loyalists who had remained loyal to the British during the revolution, came to build homes and farms below the Niagara Escarpment and along the Upper St. Lawrence River, and another 30,000 settled in the Maritimes. Pioneers struggled to clear forests and establish farms, fighting isolation, loneliness and depression, with the occasional barn raising or religious meeting.
GLOSSARY TERMS
George Washington: Born in Virginia in 1732, he was the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and became the first president of the United States of America.
Treaty of Paris of 1783: Concluded the American Revolution on September 20, 1783, when Britain acknowledged American independence. Was largely ineffective since both sides ignored some of their treaty agreements. American colonists who supported Britain during the American Revolution.
Loyalists: About 19,000 served the British army during the war and upwards of 100,000 left the colonies after the war -- about half came to Canada. As many as 30,000 entered the Maritimes. In Canada, they were known as the United Empire Loyalists.
GLOSSARY TERMS
George Washington: Born in Virginia in 1732, he was the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution and became the first president of the United States of America.
Treaty of Paris of 1783: Concluded the American Revolution on September 20, 1783, when Britain acknowledged American independence. Was largely ineffective since both sides ignored some of their treaty agreements. American colonists who supported Britain during the American Revolution.
Loyalists: About 19,000 served the British army during the war and upwards of 100,000 left the colonies after the war -- about half came to Canada. As many as 30,000 entered the Maritimes. In Canada, they were known as the United Empire Loyalists.
